Hemorrhoids

Hemorrhoids are swollen blood vessels in the rectum or anus. They can be internal (inside the rectum) or external (under the skin around the anus). Common causes include straining during bowel movements, chronic constipation, pregnancy, or prolonged sitting. Symptoms include pain, itching, swelling, and bright red bleeding during bowel movements. Treatment may include dietary changes, topical creams, sitz baths, or minimally invasive procedures like rubber band ligation or surgery in severe cases.